Why isn't camera footage considered conclusive evidence of a crime in judiciary, but rather classified as a "circumstantial evidence" (qareenah) that cannot be ruled upon solely, especially when it might be the only witness to crimes such as murder and theft?

A camera image alone is not sufficient as sharia evidence to convict a person of a crime, due to the possibility of fraud, deception, and misguidance through editing and dubbing. Doubts avert hudud punishments, as the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "Avert hudud punishments with doubts." The sharia judiciary has its own means of proof, and extracting confessions under duress is not among them.