Is it obligatory to make up the prayers performed with tayammum due to fear of cold, even though a water heater is available, and how can the number of prayers to be made up be determined?
A Muslim must learn the rulings of purity and prayer. One is not excused by cold weather to perform if it is possible to heat water. If someone performs an invalid prayer out of ignorance, they should repeat the last prayer if its time is still remaining. As for what preceded that, it is forgiven by Allah, so there is no need to make it up, because the Prophet (peace be upon him) did not order the Bedouin who prayed incorrectly to make up what had passed before teaching him. Sheikh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah mentioned other examples, such as those who ate in after dawn out of ignorance, and 'Ammar ibn Yasir regarding tayammum, and the Prophet (peace be upon him) did not order them to make up their missed acts.
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