Is it obligatory for me to obey my parents by returning to my family's home with my wife, knowing that this would break my covenant with her not to be separated from her, and would I, by doing so, fall under the meaning of the Almighty's saying: "And fulfill [every] covenant. Indeed, every covenant will be questioned about." (Al-Isra/34)?

The father's right is great, and the wife is not obliged to live in her husband's father's house if she does not wish to. The husband can persuade his father of this and house his wife in an independent home, while continuing to honor his father and be dutiful to him. As for divorce, it is permissible for the husband if he needs it, and he expiates for his oath. This does not contradict the Almighty's saying: (And fulfill the covenant; indeed, the covenant will be questioned), because what is meant is a covenant that does not forbid what is lawful.