Is it permissible for a man to pray at home naked, or with his chest uncovered, or in congregation with his wife, especially in the heat of summer?

The preponderant view among scholars is that performing prayers in mosques with the Muslim congregation is an individual obligation (wajib (definition) 'ayni) upon adult, capable men. It is not permissible for capable men to pray at home, and the presence of heat is not an excuse. As for a man praying bare-chested, it is valid according to the majority of scholars, as the Prophet (peace be upon him) prayed wearing only an izar (waist wrapper). However, it is preferable to pray in the best of clothes. Some scholars said that it is obligatory to cover at least one shoulder, based on the Prophet's (peace be upon him) saying: "None of you should pray in a single garment with nothing on his shoulder."