Is a son considered disobedient to his father if he refuses to give him his marriage dowry so that the father can marry with it, knowing that the son was in need of the money and possessed nothing, and is the current hardship in sustenance that the son is experiencing considered a punishment for this refusal?

There is no blame upon you for what you did, because you did not possess the money nor were you able to dispose of it. Moreover, satisfying your own needs was more obligatory upon you than satisfying your father’s, as the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Begin with yourself, then with those you are responsible for." Your father's action was a mistake on his part, but it does not permit disobedience to him or abandoning him. Therefore, you must strive to honor him, try to appease him, and involve someone influential with him to reconcile the situation.