What is the ruling on someone who is unable to wash their head due to janabah? Should they perform tayammum for the part they were unable to wash, once, at the time of the ghusl, or should the tayammum be repeated with every minor ritual impurity? And should they perform tayammum for their ears if they are unable to wipe them during wudu'?

It is prescribed for a person in a state of ritual impurity (junub) who is unable to wash a part of their body due to illness, to wash the healthy parts and perform tayammum (dry ablution) for the ailing part. If the time for the prayer expires and they wish to perform another prayer, and they have incurred minor ritual impurity (hadath asghar), then if the pain is not in the limbs of ablution (wudu'), they must perform a complete wudu' and then tayammum for the part that was not washed due to major ritual impurity (janabah), as the first tayammum becomes invalid when the prayer time expires. However, if they have not incurred minor ritual impurity and the time has expired, then performing tayammum alone is sufficient for them.

Wiping the ears during wudu' is sunnah according to the majority of scholars, and obligatory according to the Hanbalis (because they are part of the head). Whoever cannot wash them during ghusl (ritual bath) for janabah should perform tayammum for them. If they incur minor ritual impurity and wish to pray within the same time, they should perform wudu' and tayammum for the ears (according to the Hanbalis), and this single tayammum is sufficient as long as it is within the prayer time. However, if the prayer time expires and they wish to pray while in a state of impurity, they should perform wudu' and tayammum for the ears with the intention of both janabah and minor ritual impurity simultaneously.