Is it permissible to pay money instead of making up for the days of Ramadan fasting for one who broke their fast due to a legitimate Shar’i excuse, and is it permissible for someone else to fast on their behalf while they are capable of fasting?

Whoever breaks their fast in Ramadan (definition) due to a lawful excuse and is able to make up the fast, it is obligatory for them to make up the fast. It is not permissible for someone else to fast on their behalf or for them to pay money instead. This is based on the Almighty's saying: "So whoever among you sights the moon, he must observe Sawm (fasts) that month, and whoever is ill or on a journey, the same number of days which one did not observe Sawm (fasts) must be made up from other days." As for one who is unable to fast or make up the fast due to an incurable illness or old age, they should break their fast and feed a poor person for each day, based on the saying of Ibn Abbas regarding the interpretation of the Almighty's saying: "And upon those who are able to fast, but with difficulty, a ransom (is due), the feeding of a poor person": "This was revealed as a concession for the elderly man and woman who are unable to fast, so they should feed a poor person for each day."