What are the jurisprudential disagreements and the opinions of the exegetes regarding the religion of the followers of previous prophets, with references?

Allah abrogated all previous laws with the religion of Islam, and sealed the prophets with Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him. Whoever does not believe in Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, and what he brought, after the message has reached him, is considered a disbeliever eternally in Hellfire, based on the Almighty's saying: "And whoever desires other than Islam as religion - never will it be accepted from him, and he, in the Hereafter, will be among the losers" [Quran 3:85], and the Prophet’s saying, peace and blessings be upon him: "By Him in Whose Hand is my soul, none from this nation, neither a Jew nor a Christian, hears about me and then dies without believing in that with which I have been sent, but he will be among the dwellers of the Hellfire." Allah described the Jews and Christians as disbelievers and polytheists, and not believing in the disbelief of one who does not believe in Islam, or doubting it, is one of the nullifiers of Islam. The religion of all prophets is Islam, even if the details of the laws differed. The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "The prophets are paternal brothers; their mothers are different, but their religion is one." The Quran mentioned that Abraham, Moses, Noah, Jacob, and his sons were Muslims.