When were the Surahs of the Quran named, and did this take place during the time of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, or after his death at the hands of the Companions?

Scholars have differed concerning the naming of the surahs (chapters) of the Qur’an, specifically whether all their names were assigned by the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) through divine revelation (tawqifi), or if some were the result of juristic reasoning (ijtihadi) by the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them). The majority of scholars hold the view that all the names were assigned by the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) through divine revelation, citing the statements of Ibn Jarir al-Tabari, al-Zarkashi, al-Suyuti, al-Bujairimi, and Ibn Ashour. While others are of the opinion that some names are divinely assigned and some are the result of the Companions' juristic reasoning.