Is it permissible to pray in a language other than Arabic, and did the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) command a Companion to translate Al-Fatihah to pray with it?

The sayings in prayer include the Quran and other recitations. There is a long-standing scholarly debate regarding the translation of each. Reciting the Quran in a language other than Arabic is prohibited by the majority of scholars, because the Quran was revealed in the Arabic language. As for the Takbir (Allahu Akbar), Tashahhud, and other remembrances of prayer, Abu Hanifa held the view that they are permissible in languages other than Arabic unconditionally, whereas the majority of scholars stipulated inability to use Arabic. The final Tashahhud and the prayer upon the Prophet (Salah ala al-Nabi) are permissible in a language other than Arabic for one who is unable to use Arabic, according to the Shafi'is. As for supplication (Du'a) in a language other than Arabic during prayer, what is reported from the Hanafis and Malikis is that it is disliked. The Shafi'is elaborate, saying: an authentically transmitted supplication (Du'a ma'thur) is permissible in a language other than Arabic for one who is unable (to use Arabic), but a non-transmitted supplication (ghair al-ma'thur) is not permissible to invent in a non-Arabic language.