What is the ruling on traveling between cities in a non-Muslim country where a Muslim is studying, given the possibility of openly performing religious rituals and not being coerced into sins?
A Muslim's residence in a disbelieving country is disliked (makrooh), but this dislike is removed by necessity, such as studying. A condition for the permissibility of residing there is that the Muslim must be safe from temptation (fitna) for himself and be able to observe his religion; otherwise, it is not permissible for him to remain there. There is no harm in traveling between the cities of those countries if residence there is permissible.
Summarized from the full answer at Ftawy · reviewed Sep 2, 2026
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