Is it permissible to borrow books for reading and then return them from a bookstore belonging to a national newspaper?

The matter of lending books depends on the library's system. If the system allows lending, then there is no harm in your friend lending them to you for your benefit, and he should seek permission from the officials to allow you to read them. However, if the system does not allow it, or the officials do not grant permission, then you are not entitled to benefit from them without permission, because it is not permissible to benefit from something without the owner's consent.