Is the money that a merchant takes from the bank, with no intention of repaying it, and this money is acquired with the help of some officials in the banks in exchange for a bribe—is this considered usury (riba) or theft?

Borrowing from banks with interest is unlawful (haram) and constitutes clear usury (riba), which is among the greatest major sins. Allah has warned those who consume usury of war and annihilation. As for a good loan (qard hasan) without interest, it is permissible and religiously encouraged. Whoever borrows with the intention of not repaying has wrongfully consumed people's wealth, and severe warnings have been issued concerning this: "Whoever takes people's money intending to destroy it, Allah will destroy him," and "Whoever borrows and intends not to repay, will meet Allah as a thief." If, in addition to that, bribery is involved, then "those are layers of darkness, one above another." One must remember standing before Allah, where rights will be settled from one's good deeds, or by bearing others' sins, and then one will be cast into the Fire.