What is the ruling on the aforementioned words that may have been uttered unintentionally, and do they affect the validity of the marriage contract?

All the words and phrases mentioned are without sin, and no negative consequences arise from them. They are not disbelief or disobedience, but rather from the whisperings of Satan.

Your saying about the Messenger, peace and blessings be upon him, "Come here too," is permissible because it is a narration. And your saying, "Would that I were dust," for admonition and contemplating the Book of Allah, is permissible.

And an error in wording or a slip of the tongue, as in the issue of disbelieving in the طاغوت (tyrants/false deities), is not disbelief.

The prohibition against using his kunya (agnomen), peace and blessings be upon him, is about using "Abu al-Qasim," not about naming someone Qasim.

And describing a Surah as short carries no sin.

You must turn away from these whisperings and delusions, for nothing arises from them.