Was temporary marriage (Mut'ah) permissible during the time of the Prophet, peace be upon him, and then forbidden by Umar, or was it forbidden and then made permissible by Ali? What is its legal ruling, and is it permissible in the case of expatriation?

Mut'ah marriage was permissible at the beginning of Islam, then it was prohibited, then made permissible again, then prohibited until the Day of Judgment. The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, is the one who prohibited it, not Umar or Ali, may Allah be pleased with them both. Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, narrated its perpetual prohibition, saying to Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both: "Indeed, the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, forbade Mut'ah [marriage] and the flesh of domestic donkeys during the time of Khaybar." Abu Dharr also affirmed that Mut'ah for women was permitted for three days, then the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, forbade it, and it is unlawful until the Day of Judgment.