What is the ruling on zakat for crops from land rented for half its produce: is it obligatory upon the landlord, or upon the tenant farmer, or upon both, each according to his share? And is the zakat due from me considered zakat on trade goods? How much is its amount, and is it calculated before or after deducting expenses?

Renting land for half of its produce is permissible. Zakat becomes obligatory on each of you if your individual share reaches the nisab, either on its own or by combining it with other produce of the same kind. If neither of your shares reaches the nisab إلا by combining them, then there is a difference of opinion among scholars regarding the obligation of Zakat. The majority opinion is that it is not obligatory, as mixing does not affect the nisab except in the case of livestock.

The nisab required for Zakat is five awsuq (approximately 612 kg of good wheat).

The obligatory amount of Zakat is one-tenth of the produce if it was irrigated without cost (such as by rain or rivers), and one-half of one-tenth if it was irrigated with cost (such as by waterwheels or pumps). Expenses are not deducted from the obligatory amount.