What is the ruling on an agreement to lease agricultural land for 40% of the produce to the landowner and 60% to the farmer, and is this considered muzaraʿah? And upon whom is zakat due and when, and is it calculated after deducting expenses or immediately upon harvest? And does the landowner deserve his full share if the produce does not cover the farmer's capital?

The contract of sharecropping is permissible, and the crop between the two parties shall be distributed according to their agreement. The sharecropper must pay the landowner his agreed-upon share in full. Each of them must pay zakat on their share if it reaches the nisab (five wasqs), and the majority of scholars hold that the expenses and costs of cultivation are not deducted from the amount subject to zakat.