What is the ruling on leasing agricultural land for a fixed amount paid annually to the lessor, regardless of the lessee's profit or loss, and how does the lessee pay zakat on the harvest: on the full amount or after deducting the lease payment?

It is permissible to rent land for a specific annual sum, and the rent is binding according to the agreement. As for zakat, it is incumbent upon the tenant, not the owner. This is the view of the majority of scholars, because zakat is due on the produce itself. The tenant must pay the zakat on his produce from the entire harvest if it reaches the nisab (657 kg), and the land rent should not be deducted before paying the zakat.