What is the ruling on amending the exegesis of the Qur’an? And what are the controls for this amendment?

The specific meaning of the term "modifying interpretation" that the questioner intends is unclear. However, if he means research or a new addition to the interpretation, then this is a task specific to expert scholars and exegetes.

There are important rules for anyone involved in exegesis, whether their work is a new ijtihad (definition) (independent reasoning) or a transmission of what has been previously established. These rules are: 1. Adherence to the consensus of the Companions, their successors, and the Imams of exegesis: Their consensus is a proof in understanding the verses of the Book, and it is not permissible to contradict this consensus. 2. Following sound linguistic rules of denotation: Avoiding forced interpretations of texts or the use of methodologies alien to the Arabic language. 3. Considering other jurisprudential evidences: To ensure that new attempts do not deviate from jurisprudential understanding, Islamic knowledge, and firmly established principles.

The contemporary exegete must know that his ijtihad lies in two matters: 1. Choosing from the statements of previous exegetes. 2. Adding to what the predecessors said: While ensuring that the addition is complementary and not contradictory or invalidating their statements.

The interpreted statement itself must be sound, such that the Arabic language supports it, and it must not contradict anything definitively established in Islamic law. Furthermore, the verse must accommodate this new statement, and it must not nullify the statements of the predecessors, nor should it restrict the meaning of the verse to what appeared to him from the new interpretation.

In conclusion: If the questioner means by "modifying interpretation" the revision, addition, and verification, then this is a great and rewarding effort, but on the condition of adhering to the rules and regulations of exegesis, and that the one undertaking it is among the qualified scholars, not ignorant pretenders.