Is the permissibility of marrying more than one woman restricted to marrying female orphans who are being raised, and does polygyny become forbidden in cases other than this?
Allah has permitted a man to marry up to four women, whether he has female orphans under his care or not. This is supported by the Qur'an, the Sunnah, and the consensus of scholars. The verse, "And if you fear that you will not deal justly with the orphan girls, then marry those that please you of [other] women, two or three or four," does not restrict polygyny to those who have an orphan girl under their care. Rather, it is guidance for him: if he fears injustice towards her, he should marry someone else. The Companions, may Allah be pleased with them, married more than one woman without having female orphans under their care. The Holy Qur'an, in other verses, such as Allah's saying: "And you will never be able to be equal in [feeling] between women, even if you should strive to do so," indicates the permissibility of polygyny. The equality that is not possible is in heartfelt affection, whereas justice in division and lodging is obligatory and possible. The Prophetic Sunnah, such as the Prophet's (peace be upon him) command to Ghaylan ibn Salamah when he embraced Islam and had ten wives, to choose four, confirms the permissibility of combining up to four women. There is a consensus on the permissibility of combining up to four wives, and whoever says otherwise has broken the consensus and abandoned the Sunnah. The statement that polygyny is not permissible except for one who has an orphan girl under his care is clear misguidance and contrary to the Qur'an, the Sunnah, and the consensus of Muslims.
Summarized from the full answer at Ftawy · reviewed Sep 2, 2026
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