Is it permissible for a Muslim to own agricultural land that is not cultivated, while he is not a farmer, knowing that the government offers it only to farmers?

If the government exempts some non-farmers and grants them land, and you are among them without favoritism, then there is no harm in that.

If you acquire the land through sale or gift from a farmer, and if the government stipulates that it cannot be sold or gifted to non-farmers, then it is not permissible for you to own it since you are not a farmer. This is based on the Prophet’s (peace be upon him) saying: "Muslims are bound by their conditions concerning what is permissible." However, if the government does not stipulate this condition, then there is no harm in you owning it.