What is the difference between a mosque (masjid) and a congregational mosque (jami'), and what is the largest mosque or congregational mosque in the world by area?

In Islamic law, the name "mosque" (مسجد) is applied to both the Jami' mosque (مسجد جامع) and others. However, the Jami' mosque is specifically designated for performing Friday prayers and observing I'tikaf (spiritual retreat), whereas a non-Jami' mosque is where only the five daily prayers are performed. There is no legal ruling (hukm shar'i) contingent upon knowing the mosque with the largest area.