Is there a Hadith that states: "May Allah not bless a deed that distracts you from prayer," or anything close to its meaning?

There is no Hadith (definition) with this exact wording. However, there is a severe warning in the Quran for those who are distracted from their prayers. Allah Almighty says: "So woe to those who pray, [but] who are heedless of their prayer" (Qur’an 107:4-5), meaning those who are unmindful of it until its time expires or passes. Allah has also praised those who are attentive to their prayers, saying: "Men whom neither commerce nor sale distracts from the remembrance of Allah and performance of prayer" (Qur’an 24:37).