What must a girl do, for whom the bleeding did not cease throughout the month of Ramadan, after she reached puberty on its first day, and thus broke her fast for the entire month?

A woman with irregular bleeding (mustahadah) whose bleeding continued for more than a month, and who has no prior regular cycle to refer to, should, in the following month, differentiate between menstrual blood (hayd) and irregular bleeding (istihada). Menstrual blood is black, has an odor, is accompanied by pain, is thicker than irregular bleeding, and does not coagulate after exiting. If her blood can be distinguished in this manner, then what matches the characteristics of menstrual blood is hayd, during which she abstains from prayer and fasting, and performs ghusl (definition) (ritual bath) when it ceases. The other blood is istihada.

If her blood is of a single type, or is erratic and cannot be distinguished as hayd, then she should follow the custom of most women. Her hayd would then be six or seven days from the beginning of the period during which she observed blood, and anything beyond that is istihada. If she does not know when the bleeding started, she should count the period from the beginning of the Hijri month.

As for making up prayers and fasts: She is obligated to make up the days she missed fasting in Ramadan (definition), because a menstruating woman makes up her fasts, and a woman with irregular bleeding is not permitted to break her fast. Her days fluctuate between hayd and istihada, so she is obligated to make up the fasts based on both possibilities. As for prayer, it is safer (al-ahwat (definition)) for her to make up the days that are not considered hayd. If she can differentiate, she should make up the prayers for the days when the blood was red and not menstrual blood. If she cannot differentiate, she should make up what exceeds fifteen days, as this is the maximum duration for hayd according to the majority of scholars, even though she is not obligated to make up prayers, because she left them thinking she was menstruating.