Is chewing gum impermissible in Ramadan, and what are the alternatives if it is forbidden?

Chewing gum invalidates the fast if its sugary components or added flavors dissolve with saliva and enter the stomach, because this constitutes food entering the stomach. However, if it contains no substance that dissolves and enters the stomach, it does not invalidate the fast.

To improve breath odor, one may use a siwak, rinse the mouth, or use toothpaste, provided that nothing reaches the stomach. Otherwise, it should not be used. The breath odor resulting from an empty stomach due to fasting cannot be removed by a siwak or similar means, and it is more pleasing to Allah than the scent of musk.