What is the ruling on money paid by an insurance company for a car accident, knowing that commercial insurance is impermissible? And is it permissible to take this money and spend it on charitable causes without the father's knowledge?

Commercial insurance is not permissible to subscribe to voluntarily, but if one is compelled to do so, there is no sin upon him. The benefit derived from it is restricted to the extent of need, so the insured should not take more than what he paid. If he receives an excess, it must be spent on charitable causes and for the benefit of Muslims, unless he is poor and in need, in which case he may take according to his need. This also applies to the father; he is not permitted to take the excess if he is wealthy, but rather he should spend it on the poor and the needy.