Was my rejection of the first young man justified, or did I wrong him and consequently get punished by marrying a man who talks to girls, by suffering from psychological illnesses, and by falling into major sins?

You have done well by seeking a righteous husband. Islamic law encourages choosing a person of religion and good character. The command to marry him is an emphasized recommendation, not an obligation. Therefore, you are not sinful for refusing that young man. Be gentle with yourself, treat your husband well, repent to your Lord from sins, and follow the path of righteousness.