What is the ruling on creating a new surname and registering it in personal status records along with mentioning the father's real name, provided that it is not a surname belonging to another tribe?

There is no harm for a Muslim to create a new title or name, as long as it does not lead to a forbidden شرعي act, such as attributing oneself to someone other than one's father. This falls under the category of changing a name, which is originally permissible, especially if it is seeking something good or better. The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, changed the name of 'Asiyah and said, "You are Jamilah (beautiful)."