Is expiation (kaffarah) obligatory for one who had intercourse with his wife during the daytime in Ramadan after intentionally breaking his fast by eating?

The scholars have agreed that whoever breaks their fast during the daytime in Ramadan by means of sexual intercourse must offer expiation (kaffarah). They differed, however, regarding one who breaks the fast by means other than sexual intercourse. Abu Hanifa and Malik held the view that expiation is obligatory, while Al-Shafi'i and Ahmad held that it is not obligatory.

As for one who breaks the fast by means other than sexual intercourse and then engages in sexual intercourse on the same day, the majority of scholars (including Abu Hanifa, Malik, and Ahmad) are of the opinion that expiation is obligatory upon him. This view is the most correct because:

1. Whoever breaks the fast without a valid excuse is obligated to refrain from eating and drinking for the rest of the day. If he then engages in sexual intercourse, he has done so on a day when he was obligated to abstain, thus making expiation obligatory. 2. He has disobeyed twice: first by breaking the fast, and then by engaging in sexual intercourse. Therefore, the expiation upon him is even more emphasized. 3. If expiation were not obligatory upon one who breaks the fast and then engages in sexual intercourse, it would become a pretext for no one to offer expiation. One could simply eat and then have sexual intercourse to avoid expiation, and this contradicts Islamic law, which magnifies punishment by magnifying the sin.