Does bearing false witness for marriage, due to the absence of a marriage proposal, necessitate expiation, and what is the ruling on reciting the Quran in congregation in the mosque?
The aforementioned testimony is a false testimony, and it is one of the greatest sins that Allah has forbidden, as He says: "So avoid the uncleanness of idols and avoid false statement" (Quran 22:30), and as the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "Beware, and (he repeated it) false statement and false testimony." It is aiding in sin and making lawful what Allah has forbidden.
The expiation for false testimony is repentance to Allah. If it resulted in harm, then one must seek forgiveness from those who were harmed. Al-Bayjuri stated in his commentary: "It is a condition for repentance from a verbal sin that one verbally states: 'My slander is false, and I regret it, and I will not return to it.' And concerning false testimony, one says: 'My testimony is false, and I regret it.'" As for non-verbal sins, the conditions for repentance are to cease committing the sin, regret it, resolve not to return to it, and restore the rights of any human being if they were wronged.
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