Is what happened considered a divorce or a khulʿ (divorce at the wife's instance with compensation), and what is the fate of the wife who requested a divorce due to her husband's negligence in prayer, after which he abandoned and left her, and is now demanding the dower?

It is permissible for a wife to seek a divorce from her husband if he neglects prayer, but she should not do so until she despairs of his reform. It is forbidden for the husband to insult his wife and in-laws, as this contradicts living together amicably and is considered wickedness. The husband must fear Allah concerning his wife, and either retain her honorably or release her kindly. He is obligated to provide for her as long as she is not rebellious. Reconciliation between the spouses is recommended, and if the husband does not respond, she should take the matter to court. In case of divorce, the wife retains all her rights, and the judge may rule for khul' (divorce at the wife's instance) if the wife waives some of her rights.