Is it permissible to benefit from a new insurance policy to repair a broken car windshield, given that the breakage occurred before the start of the new policy for which the annual insurance premium was paid?

Commercial insurance, of all types, is forbidden (haram). If one is compelled to enter into it, then they are permitted to use stratagem (hilah) to recover only what they paid, without any increase. So, if it is possible to use stratagem to recover what was paid to the insurance company by claiming the repair of a windshield or similar, there is no harm in that. However, it is not permissible to take more than what was paid.