Is it permissible for a woman to travel without a mahram for the purpose of seeking knowledge, even if it is said that the roads have become safe, or if some argue that it is not possible to provide a mahram for every woman, or that they will become scholars in important specializations?

A woman's travel without a mahram (unmarriageable kin), whether for education or other purposes, is forbidden. The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, emphasized this point. There is no contradiction between this ruling and seeking knowledge, as the command regarding the mahram does not imply an call to abandon education. Rather, adherence to Sharia regulations is obligatory. Scholars have unanimously agreed on the prohibition of a woman's travel without a mahram if there is fear of fitna (temptation/strife), and this is certainly applicable in our time. They only differed on a few limited, obligatory cases. As for permissible, recommended, or disliked travel, there is no dispute regarding the requirement of a mahram for it.