What is the difference between "istawqada" (استوقد) and "awqada" (أوقد) in terms of meaning and rhetoric, based on the noble verse, "Their example is like that of one who kindled a fire" (مَثَلُهُمْ كَمَثَلِ الَّذِي اسْتَوْقَدَ نَاراً)?
Scholars have differed on the meaning of "istawqada" (استوقد): whether it is synonymous with "awqada" (أوقد) – which is the more probable view – or if it denotes seeking or requesting. The original meaning of the form "istaf'ala" (استفعل) is to denote a request, such as in "nasta'in" (نستعين - we seek help) and "ista'inu bi-s-sabri" (استعينوا بالصبر - seek help through patience). However, it can sometimes come with the meaning of "af'ala" (أفعل), like "istajaba" (استجاب) meaning "ajaba" (أجاب - he answered), and examples include "istawqada naran" (استوقد نارًا) meaning "awqada" (أوقد - he kindled a fire), "istazallahum" (استزلهم) meaning "azallahum" (أزلهم - he caused them to slip), "istawathu" (استهوته) meaning "alqathu fi huwwatin" (ألقته في هوة - it cast him into an abyss), "istanqadhuhu" (استنقذوه) meaning "anqadhuhu" (أنقذوه - they rescued him), "istarhabuhum" (استرهبوهم) meaning "arhabuhum" (أرهبوهم - they terrified them), "ista'marakum" (استعمركم) meaning "a'marakum" (أعمركم - He caused you to inhabit), and "fastabshiru" (فاستبشروا) meaning "abshiru" (أبشروا - so rejoice). If "istaf'ala" denotes a request, then the difference is clear. But if it is not for a request, then the increase in the structure indicates an increase in meaning.
Summarized from the full answer at Ftawy · reviewed Sep 2, 2026
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