What is the ruling of Islamic law regarding guaranteeing the damage of goods located in a private shelter, if its door was broken to seek refuge from shelling, and is the guarantee only upon the one who broke the door, or upon everyone who entered the shelter?

Those who broke the door are liable for the value of what they damaged, but the one who stole is the guarantor for what was stolen, not the one who broke the door. This is because the thief is the direct perpetrator of the theft, and the jurisprudential rule states: "If the cause and the direct act converge, the direct act takes precedence." Thus, if someone breaches a wall and another person steals something from the house, the one who breached the wall is not liable for the stolen item. The guarantee for the stolen item falls upon the one who took it.