Are there any statements by scholars regarding the explanation of the hadith: "And I sought permission from my Lord to ask forgiveness for her, but He did not permit me," other than whether or not she is in the Fire? And does the statement of any scholar that "the hadith does not indicate that she is in the Fire" have any basis or precedent?

Allah permitted His Prophet to visit his mother's grave but forbade him from seeking forgiveness for her, because she died a disbeliever, among the people of Hellfire. The proof for this is Allah's saying: "It is not for the Prophet and those who have believed to ask forgiveness for polytheists, even if they were relatives, after it has become clear to them that they are companions of Hellfire." (At-Tawbah/113). The Salaf and the Khalaf, including the Companions, the Tabi'un, the four Imams, and all the mujtahidin, have agreed upon this.