How many missed prayers are dropped from a person's obligation to make them up, whether due to an excuse or without one, and can this be analogized to the reason for dropping the obligation of making up prayers for a menstruating woman?

Firstly: Whoever misses a prayer due to an excuse such as sleep or forgetfulness is required to make it up, by the consensus of scholars, regardless of the number of missed prayers.

Secondly: Whoever misses a prayer due to an excuse like fainting or anesthesia is not required to make it up according to the majority of scholars, in contrast to the Hanbalis and Hanafis (if the missed prayers do not exceed five). As for one who faints voluntarily (such as due to medical anesthesia), some scholars have favored that he is required to make it up.

Thirdly: Whoever misses a prayer intentionally has sinned. The majority of scholars hold that he must make it up, while others, including the Zahiris and many contemporary scholars (such as Ibn Taymiyyah, Ibn Baz, and Ibn Uthaymeen), are of the opinion that he is not required to make it up. The reason for this difference of opinion goes back to two issues: does making up a prayer require a new legislative command, and does one who abandons prayer out of laziness commit an act of disbelief? The view that making it up is not required offers ease for repentance.