Are missed prayers to be made up, and if so, how are they to be made up?

Missed prayers must be made up if the reason for missing them was sleep or unconsciousness, based on the Almighty’s saying: "And establish prayer for My remembrance" (Quran 20:14) and the Prophet’s (peace be upon him) saying: "If any of you oversleeps or forgets a prayer, then remembers it, he should pray it as he used to pray it at its appointed time."

However, if the prayers were missed due to laziness and negligence, some scholars consider the one who does this to be an unbeliever. If such a person repents, they are not obligated to make up what they missed; rather, they should renew their faith and increase their acts of worship. It is preferable to make them up as a precaution, to avoid the differing opinion of those who say that such a person is not an unbeliever and that making up the prayers is obligatory for them.