What is the ruling on applying lipstick (rouge) during the daytime in Ramadan, and does it break the fast, taking into consideration its variations in taste, dryness, and moisture?

Oils and ointments applied to the external skin do not break the fast unless swallowed by the fasting person. The mere presence of taste does not affect the fast. Sheikh Ibn Baz was asked about kohl and cosmetic products and he replied that they do not break the fast, and the same applies to soap, oils, henna, and makeup. Sheikh Ibn Uthaymeen was asked about lip balm and he permitted its use while taking precautions not to let anything reach the stomach. Sheikh Ibn Jibreen stated that it is permissible to anoint the body out of need because it does not penetrate into the interior of the body.