Is it permissible to hold Friday prayers at the workplace due to the inability to go to the mosque, knowing that the number of worshippers is ten?

As long as your workplace is outside the urban area where Friday prayers are held, it is not obligatory for you, unless you hear the call to it. If you hear the call, you are obliged to go to it, unless there is an excuse preventing you, such as fear of damage to property you were hired to guard. However, if you are among those for whom Friday prayer is not obligatory, or if you have a valid excuse for not attending it, then you pray Dhuhr and do not pray Jumu'ah.