Is it permissible to demand money after saying "Allah suffices me, and He is the best Disposer of affairs for me concerning you, and I entrust my affair to Allah concerning you" to a procrastinator who deals with usurious banks?

It is not permissible for a wealthy person who is able [to pay] to procrastinate in repaying a debt, because that is an injustice. Repeated procrastination renders the wealthy person a fasiq (transgressor). It is permissible for the creditor to complain and demand the imprisonment of the procrastinating wealthy person. Furthermore, your saying to the debtor, "Hasbi Allah" (Allah is sufficient for me), or similar phrases, does not waive your right, and you are permitted to demand repayment from him and take the matter to court.