Is it obligatory to pay the upcoming Zakat in December 2018 or in March 2019, given that the Zakat due in December 2017 was delayed until March 2018?
It is imperative to note that the hawl (one-year period) recognized in Islamic law for calculating is based on lunar months, not Gregorian months. This is in accordance with Allah's saying: "They ask you, [O Muhammad], about the new moons. Say, 'They are measurements of time for the people and for Hajj'" (Al-Baqarah: 189). The new moons determine the timings of acts of worship, such as zakat. Therefore, the questioner must fix the lunar month corresponding to December as a constant time for paying his zakat. This hawl does not change if the zakat is delayed, as it must be paid when its conditions are met, and it is not permissible to delay it except for a legitimate Shar'i excuse.
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