Is it permissible to give zakat to the children of a divorced woman who live with their financially capable father? Does the ruling differ between those of them who are employed and those who are students? Is expiation due for delaying zakat for ten months without a legitimate Shar’i excuse?

It is not permissible to disburse zakat to someone who is wealthy due to their father's maintenance or salary. However, it is permissible to disburse it to someone who is in need because of their father's inability (to provide) or his stinginess. It is permissible for needy students to receive zakat if their funds are insufficient for their needs and study expenses. It is also permissible for a poor student of knowledge who is engaged in acquiring knowledge essential for their religious or worldly benefit, and who finds it impossible to combine seeking knowledge with earning a livelihood, to receive zakat. Delaying zakat beyond its due time, when one is able to disburse it, is impermissible and makes its owner liable for it. There is no expiation for this except repentance and immediate disbursement.