What is the ruling on selling student databases to schools and marketing offices without obtaining their consent, due to the impossibility of communicating with them, and is the money earned from this permissible (halal) or forbidden (haram)?

This action is questionable due to its infringement upon the privacy of data owners, which might cause annoyance or harm to some of them. For this reason, competent authorities in some countries prohibit it. Safeguarding one's religion and honor necessitates avoiding questionable matters, as the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: "Leave what makes you doubt for what does not make you doubt," and he also said: "The lawful is clear, and the unlawful is clear, and between them are doubtful matters about which many people do not know. So, whoever avoids the doubtful matters, he has cleared himself in regard to his religion and his honor. And whoever falls into the doubtful matters, he has fallen into the unlawful."

When a prohibitive and a permissible aspect conflict, the prohibitive aspect takes precedence over the permissible. One of the jurisprudential rules states: "When lawful and unlawful matters converge, the unlawful predominates."

It is suggested that a mass message be sent to the data owners, notifying them of the matter, and that their lack of objection within a specified period be considered implicit permission. Otherwise, it is preferable to avoid this action.