What are my rights over my wife after the marriage contract (aqd al-qiran) but before consummation (dukhool)? Who has permission over her leaving the house? And is it permissible for her father to prevent her from going out with me?
The husband has the right to his wife's obedience if he fulfills her rights of dowry (Mahr) and maintenance (Nafaqah).
The wife has the right to refuse herself to him if the husband has not paid the prompt dowry, unless he has already consummated the marriage. If he has consummated the marriage, the dowry becomes a debt upon him, and she no longer has the right to refuse him.
If the husband withholds maintenance, the wife may refer her case to the judiciary to request annulment, or she may refuse herself to him. However, she will not be entitled to maintenance for the days she refuses him, as maintenance is due when she allows her husband to enjoy her.
If the dowry is delayed, the wife's father may take his daughter with him to another country, even if the husband dislikes it, unless he pays the dowry. Once he pays it, he has the right to keep her.
A wife leaving her home without her husband's permission is considered an act of defiance (Nushuz), unless it is out of necessity, such as fear for herself or her property, or to seek a right from the judge, or for learning and seeking religious rulings if her husband does not suffice her. In these cases, her departure is not considered defiance, and she remains entitled to maintenance.
Summarized from the full answer at Ftawy · reviewed Sep 2, 2026
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