Does changing one's name affect the validity of the marriage contract, given that the marriage will be conducted using the current name?

Changing the name does not affect the marriage contract because the contract is made with the person himself, not with his name. It is permissible to change one's personal name if it does not entail a religious prohibition or harm to others, such as changing it to a forbidden or disliked name. The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, changed the names of some of his companions to good names. However, changing the name of one's father or family such that a person attributes himself to other than his father is not permissible.