What is the interpretation of Ibn Taymiyyah's fatwa in which he considers extremists who believe in the infallibility of prophets to be infidels, and who excommunicate those who deny this, while a person who says that whoever does not declare the Prophet free from minor sins is an infidel was not previously excommunicated? And what is the ruling on one who says that whoever permits prophets to commit major sins is an infidel?

The meaning of Sheikh al-Islam's words is clear: prophets are infallible regarding major sins, but not minor ones. Sheikh al-Islam declared those extremist Rafidah and Isma'ilis who claimed absolute infallibility—even regarding what occurs by way of forgetfulness, error, or interpretation—to be disbelievers, and they attributed this to their imams. As for whoever declares those who permit minor sins for prophets to be disbelievers, Sheikh al-Islam said about them: "The one who declares another a disbeliever for such a reason should be asked to repent. If he repents, well and good; otherwise, he should be punished with a punishment that deters him and his like from such behavior, unless something that necessitates his disbelief and heresy becomes apparent from him, in which case his ruling is the same as that of his peers."