Is a compensatory offering (dam) obligatory for a pilgrim (Hajj or Umrah) who is prevented (muḥṣar) from entering Makkah, and how is it distributed within the Haram if he is unable to reach it, or should he appoint someone on his behalf?

Whoever has entered into the state of ihram for Hajj or 'Umrah and then becomes prevented (from completing the pilgrimage) is not permitted to exit ihram until they have sacrificed the Hadi (sacrificial animal). The minimum acceptable Hadi (a sheep or one-seventh of a camel) is sufficient, based on the words of Allah the Almighty: "And if you are prevented, then [sacrifice] what can be obtained with ease of the Hadi." (Quran 2:196) He may sacrifice it at the place where he was prevented, as the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and his companions did on the Day of Al-Hudaybiyah. If he cannot find a Hadi, he must fast for ten days.