Is the feeling of inferiority and comparing oneself to others in matters of religion and worldly affairs, which prevents the performance of deeds, considered a tribulation, a punishment, a psychological problem, or a sin, and is there a solution for that?

You must recall the blessings of Allah upon you and not look at those who are above you in worldly matters, lest you belittle Allah's blessings upon you. As for looking at those who are above you in matters of religion, let it be with the intention of emulation and following their example, not to bring sorrow or self-loathing. Muslim narrated from the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him: "Look at those who are beneath you, and do not look at those who are above you; for that is more apt to prevent you from belittling the blessing of Allah upon you." This hadith (definition) encompasses meanings of goodness, for in matters of religion, a person finds someone above them and seeks to catch up and increase [in good deeds], and in worldly matters, they find someone beneath them and thank Allah. This is a remedy for the ailment of envy and an impetus for gratitude. So, whoever looks at those beneath them in their worldly life and praises Allah, and whoever looks at those above them in their religious life and emulates them, Allah will record them as grateful and patient. Strive your soul towards these qualities and seek Allah's help.