To what extent is it true to say that not all matters of creed require certainty, and that it cannot be said that there is absolutely no disagreement regarding creed, given that scholars have differed on issues such as the torment of the grave, the Paradise inhabited by Adam, and the Prophet's vision of his Lord?

Dividing issues into "usul" (foundational principles), whose denial constitutes apostasy, and "furu'" (branches), whose denial does not, is an innovation with no basis in Islam, and it was taken from the Mu'tazila.

Aqidah (Creed): This refers to every unseen report that came from Allah or His Messenger, such as matters of the Hereafter. Shari'ah (Law): These are the practical obligations, including acts of worship and transactions.

Matters of Aqidah must be affirmed, and the degree of affirmation varies according to the evidence. A slight disagreement occurred among the Companions on some detailed matters, such as whether the Prophet (peace be upon him) saw his Lord. This does not undermine their agreement on the fundamental principles of Aqidah and the unity of their methodology.

Many scholars have emphasized that the Companions did not differ on fundamental matters of belief, and that disagreements on جزئيات (minor details) were rare and limited, not exceeding the bounds of permissible disagreement.